Сад расходящихся тропок: международная политическая экономия после неолиберализма
Аннотация
В статье рассматривается широкая перспектива эволюции неолиберализма как элемента партийной политики, классовых отношений, обыденных представлений населения и политики международных финансовых институтов (МФИ). Неолиберализм определяется как версия либеральной идеологии, отдающая приоритет рыночным отношениям, которые понимаются одновременно как способ достичь оптимальных экономических результатов и место осуществления человеческой свободы. С 1980-х годов неолиберализм был поднят на щит как правоцентристскими, так и левоцентристскими партиями, продвигался МФИ (Всемирный банк и Международный валютный фонд), лоббировался крупным бизнесом и резонировал с коллективным здравым смыслом широких слоев населения. Однако за последние десятилетия в каждой из этих областей произошли серьезные изменения: неолиберальная идеология переживает кризис легитимности, политические партии частично дистанцируются от нее, экономисты — сотрудники МФИ переосмысляют некоторые неолиберальные рецепты, а бизнес все больше полагается на тарифы и другие формы экономического национализма. В целом можно говорить об исчерпанности неолиберального момента. На смену ему приходит не столько новая глобальная идеология, научная доктрина или парадигма государственной политики, сколько разрозненные эксперименты в области государственного капитализма и экономического национализма, зачастую эмулирующие друг друга и основных «законодателей мод», таких как Китай. Статья документирует эти процессы, опираясь на широкий круг исследовательской литературы и первичные данные, включая базу электоральной статистики ParlGov и международный опрос World Values Survey.*18+ НАСТОЯЩИЙ МАТЕРИАЛ (ИНФОРМАЦИЯ) ПРОИЗВЕДЕН, РАСПРОСТРАНЕН И (ИЛИ) НАПРАВЛЕН ИНОСТРАННЫМ АГЕНТОМ МАТВЕЕВЫМ ИЛЬЕЙ АЛЕКСАНДРОВИЧЕМ ЛИБО КАСАЕТСЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ИНОСТРАННОГО АГЕНТА МАТВЕЕВА ИЛЬИ АЛЕКСАНДРОВИЧА
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