Филадельфия или Вестфалия? Национализм МАГА и республиканская традиция
Аннотация
«Консервативное» движение МАГА за последние годы приобрело значительный вес в политическом пространстве Соединённых Штатов Америки. Тема, которая звучит наиболее отчётливо в текущей повестке МАГА/республиканцев – народный суверенитет. Сторонники Дональда Трампа считают его лидером, представляющим весь народ США, так как в 2024 году он заручился поддержкой не только выборщиков, но и большинства избирателей. Всякий исследователь американского консерватизма удивится тому, что активность этого «правого» движения сосредоточена вокруг деятельности представителя исполнительной ветви власти федерального уровня. Ни одна другая тема не имела такого важного значения в истории праворадикальных движений против истеблишмента в Соединённых Штатах, как тема региональной автономии и самоуправления. Это поразительное смещение лояльности в пользу федеральной власти нельзя свести к простому колебанию партийных линий, оно требует более обстоятельного объяснения.
Главная гипотеза исследования состоит в том, что риторика МАГА отражает не временное смещение фокуса внимания консерваторов на федеральный уровень, но попытку переопределения того, что представляет собой консерватизм в американском контексте, а вместе с тем – и попытку переопределения того, что представляют собой сами Соединённые Штаты. Текущая администрация и её сторонники создают много шума вокруг «культурной» повестки, маскируя своё посягательство на само существо американской конституционной структуры и республиканское мировоззрение, которое в нём воплощено, в пользу прогрессивной демократической логики власти, не имеющей ничего общего с традицией, запечатленной в Конституции США.
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