Незападные модерны и альтернативные глобализации: социологические подходы
Аннотация
Современная мировая ситуация характеризовалась как начало «пост-глобализации». Очевидно, рост деглобализационных тенденций побуждает исследователей искать новые подходы к изучению глобальных процессов. В статье утверждается, что перспективным направлением в данной сфере является концепция множественных модернов. Если первоначальная версия этой концепции, разработанная Ш. Эйзенштадтом, выделяет цивилизационные основания различных типов модерного общества, то другие ее варианты фокусируют внимание на альтернативных, переплетенных и последовательных модернах. В то же время можно говорить о различных глобализирующих тенденциях, связанных с разными типами модерна. Так, советская модель модерна описывалась как альтернативная форма глобализации, которая конкурировала с западной либеральной формой, но в конечном итоге потерпела поражение. Сегодняшний Китай предположительно представляет более успешную версию альтернативной глобализации. Согласно Й. Арнасону, социальные трансформации в Китае сопровождались как разрывом с традицией, так и возрождением определенных форм исторического наследия. В статье отмечается, что опора на концепции множественных модернов позволяет обсуждать случай Китая с должным вниманием к его историческим основаниям и сегодняшним интерпретациям прошлого опыта взаимодействия с модерном.
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