Идея социального пространства Пьера Бурдьё
Аннотация
«Социальное пространство» — ключевая идея социологии Пьера Бурдье. Согласно этой идее, социальная действительность в её объективистском аспекте фундаментально характеризуется многомерным распределением агентов по социальным позициям. Метатеоретическим принципом социологии Бурдье является тезис о том, что, постулируя существование пространственной структуры, можно разрешить эпистемические трудности, с которыми сталкиваются социологические концепции, поддерживающие плоскую онтологию в рамках объектно-ориентированного реализма. Пространственная структура используется для ответа на три важных вызова: первый связан с тенденцией субстантивации социального порядка и социальных явлений, второй — с атрибутивизмом, редуцирующим отношения к свойствам, а третий — с доминированием позитивистской методологии в социологии. Хотя Бурдьё декларирует, что пространственная структура может быть интерпретирована в терминах социологического исследования как социальное пространство, он выходит за рамки эмпирических обобщений. В статье изучается онтология идеи социального пространства. Авторы утверждают, что постулируемая пространственная структура, в отношении которой социологи должны быть реалистами, — это метафизическая сущность, которая не может быть полностью подтверждена наукой. Чтобы не уводить метафизический постулат слишком далеко от научной практики, фундаментальная структура социальной действительности отождествляется Бурдьё с топологической структурой, заимствованной из математики. Топологическая структура проявляет себя как нефеноменологический закон, описывающий отношения социальных позиций, понимаемых как точки социального пространства. Идея социального пространства утверждает примат топологической структуры над социальными позициями, которые не существуют до или отдельно от существования структуры. В статье рассматриваются три слоя онтологии «социального пространства»: математический, теоретический и эмпирический.Скачивания
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