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Translations
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3–33
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The article argues that the rationality problematic, as an internal metatheoretical and methodological task of the social sciences, has to be considered with regard to the basic concept of reaching understanding. Only on the basis of the rational infrastructure of action oriented to reaching understanding – which includes the use of language as a mechanism for coordinating action and establishing a consensus based on the intersubjective recognition of validity claims – the social scientist can, by adopting a performative attitude of a virtual participant, interpret objectively the social processes under observation. |
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34–43
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While there is no certitude with regard to the moment of formation of sociology as a science, the time of its institutionalization as a university discipline can be ascertained chronologically thanks to Albion Small (1854-1926) who created the first ever department of sociology in Chicago (the head of which he was for 30 years). However, this does not accomplish Small’s merits in institutionalization of sociology: in 1905 he established «American Journal of Sociology», still one of the most influential sociological journals, and from 1912 till 1913 he was the president of American Sociological Association, in founding of which he also played a big role. As many American sociologists of those times, Small get polymath education (theological in its base) and continued it in Europe: in Leipzig and Berlin he studied history, political economy and political science. At the same time, he was acquainted with sociology, mainly because of communication with Georg Simmel, correspondence with whom he continued after his return to America. Small accounted the formation of sociology as principally new social discipline both as mark and condition of dynamical development of modern reforming democratic society. The basic works by A. Small -- «General Sociology» (1905), «Adam Smith and Modern Sociology» (1907), «The Meaning of the Social Sciences» (1910), «Between Eras: From Capitalism to Democracy» (1913) – witness his fundamental interest to both deep theoretical investigations with regard to the object and method of science, and comprehension of the new cognitive perspective, presented by sociology for the universalist description and forthcoming transformation of world social order. Hereinafter contained paper by A. Small possesses the same pathos. |
Review essays
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55–69
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The article presents the overview of theoretical conceptions of sociology of art developing within the paradigm of production and consumption. After discussing the works by Richard Peterson who stand at the origins of meaningful use of metaphorics of production in investigations of art, the programs of Howard Becker and Pierre Bourdieu are considered. From our point of view, though there are significant differences in understanding the social, both identically interpret sociologically relevant phenomena of art («sociology of art without art»). The common views allow us to construct the general line of critique against them, the brief survey of which concludes the overview. |
Education
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75–114
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The paper is a full text that was initially published more than 10 years ago. It starts with a radical argument: there is no theoretical sociology in Russia. The following question emerges: What should one do in order to make it possible? The author provides a practical rather than radical solution: we should follow existing theories and there is no need for any "Russian" sociology. However, we possess a special kind of pre-theoretical experience and in order to understand it, we need to combine existing theoretical sources anew including the ones that contradict each other. |
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