This is a translation into Russian of a dictionary article published by Schmitt in Germany in 1936. Schmitt tried to develop a few important ideas of his “The Concept of the Political” and to adapt them to a theoretical understanding of the Nazi regime on the first stage of its formation. The Political as opposition of enemies which threatens the very existence of state as a technically neutral apparatus of governing is replaced, according to Schmitt, by the organization of a unity of “Volk"” guided by the party and the leader (Fuhrer).