TY  - JOUR
TI  - Language policy and language reforms in nation and state building. Analytical overview
T2  - The Russian Sociological Review
IS  - The Russian Sociological Review
KW  - language policy
KW  - language reforms
KW  - state and national construction
KW  - language as a tool and an object of policy
KW  - the problems of language policy
KW  - language policy as a form of social order
KW  - language strategies
KW  - pragmatic language strategy
KW  - pragmatic-protectionist language strategy
KW  - protectionist language strategy
KW  - nationalist language strategy
KW  - effective and ineffective («home») languages
KW  - state language
KW  - official language
KW  - language discrimination
KW  - regional bilingualism
KW  - latinization of the Kirghiz language
KW  - latinization of the Turkish language
AB  - This analytical overview deals with language policy and language reforms (and language in general) as a tool and an object of policy as exemplified by state and national construction in different countries of the world. The problems of contemporary understanding of language policy and attitude towards it are described. The overview offers a division of language strategies on pragmatic, mixed (pragmatic-protectionist), protectionist and nationalist, based on the experience of a number of states. A particular attention is focused on the analysis of growing competition of languages in a modern world (the division of languages on effective and ineffective («home») languages is suggested), the existing mechanisms of  regional bilingualism in different countries, and the political games, concerning variant reading of terms «state language» and «official language» on the post-Soviet space. A new consideration of latinization of the Turkish and the Kirghiz languages as examples of politically oriented reforms is proposed. 
AU  - Pavel Dyatlenko
UR  - https://sociologica.hse.ru/en/2007-6-3/28069970.html
PY  - 2007
SP  - 49-59
VL  - 6